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Artificial hand reproduces human gestures using memory written into light-responsive polymers

The artificial hand made of liquid crystal polymers that Danqing Liu and her team developed to mimic human movements. Credit: Danqing Liu Danqing Liu from Eindhoven University of Techn...

Teaching smart materials to move like humans
The artificial hand made of liquid crystal polymers that Danqing Liu and her team developed to mimic human movements. Credit: Danqing Liu

Danqing Liu from Eindhoven University of Technology explores how interactions with digital systems can be improved through the sense of touch. To achieve this, she develops advanced liquid crystal polymers that respond to light. Her work has recently been published in two scientific journals, Science Advances and Matter & Light.

Liu is a researcher in the Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry. She develops soft materials that can move on their own. At the heart of both the research and the publications is a central idea: training materials to mimic human actions. "My goal is to add human feelings to the digital world," Liu says.

Learning simple tasks

In the paper published in Science Advances on July 8, Liu and her team—Pengrong Lyu and Sam Weima—demonstrate trainable soft electronics with memory in liquid crystal polymers. They created an azobenzene-functionalized liquid crystal polymer device that stores information in its molecular state, allowing light to write and erase memory while electrical signals trigger movement. They show that the material can learn a simple classification task and then use the learned state to control an artificial hand that reproduces human gestures.

While the technology shares similarities with robotics, the smart materials enable movements that more closely resemble natural human motor skills. Liu and her team's work sits at the intersection of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, chemistry and design. She is developing new ways to bring technology and human movement closer together.

Demonstration of the trained motion control device reproducing human gestures. Credit: Eindhoven University of Technology

Coordinated movement

In the Matter and Light paper, released on July 7, Liu and her research team—Duygu Polat and Mert Astam—explain how they succeeded in controlling liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) with light and synchronizing the movements of individual polymers. A polymer is a molecule made up of repeating units that are chemically linked together.

Liu explains, "The different LCPs work together effectively because they transfer movement and forces to one another through flexible connections. When one component moves, it passes that movement on to the next component. This creates coordinated motion without cables or a central control system. The collective movement emerges because the materials respond directly to each other.

"This design principle could contribute to the development of autonomous soft robots and materials that can coordinate themselves."

Teaching smart materials to move like humans
Flexible connections allow LCPs to pass movement and forces from one component to the next. Credit: Danqing Liu

Feeling what you see

Liu envisions applications that bridge the virtual and physical worlds: "Imagine being able to physically feel, through a device, what you see in virtual or augmented reality. I believe that could help address certain mental health challenges."

Although this seamless interaction between virtual and physical environments is still a vision for the future, Liu is already contributing to other practical applications. One example is an interactive steering wheel that provides tactile feedback while driving, helping drivers navigate more intuitively.

To further develop this technology, she will soon travel to Japan to collaborate with Waseda University on the automotive haptics project. This partnership is part of the grant she received in February.

Bringing such innovations to life requires integrating expertise from multiple scientific disciplines, a process that is both essential and challenging. However, Liu is undeterred by the multidisciplinary nature of her work. "That is my second nature."

Recognition

Liu sees the two publications as "recognition that we as a research team are on the right track." She also hopes that the papers will attract broader interest from the scientific community.

That visibility will support the next step: transforming fundamental research into real-world applications. "What makes this research unique is that we translate scientific results into practical applications in which digital systems provide tactile feedback."

Publication details

Pengrong Lyu et al, Trainable soft electronics with memory in liquid crystal polymers, Science Advances (2026). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aee8616

Duygu S. Polat et al, Collective synchronization in light-fueled liquid crystal polymer oscillators via mechanical communication, Matter & Light (2026). DOI: 10.1016/j.matlit.2026.100048

Who's behind this story?

Lisa Lock

Lisa Lock

BA art history, MA material culture. Former museum editor, paramedic, and transplant coordinator. Editing for Science X since 2021. Full profile →

Andrew Zinin

Andrew Zinin

Master's in physics with research experience. Long-time science news enthusiast. Plays key role in Science X's editorial success. Full profile →

Citation: Artificial hand reproduces human gestures using memory written into light-responsive polymers (2026, July 10) retrieved 11 July 2026 from https://phys.org/news/2026-07-artificial-human-gestures-memory-written.html

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